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From numerical amplification to functional metamorphosis: the MDSC-driven therapeutic resistance in tumor.

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International journal of surgery (London, England) 2026 Vol.112(2) p. 4861-4879
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Li R, Zhao A, Yan C, Li B, Hao Z

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Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a population with immunosuppressive characteristics in the tumor microenvironment, which are linked to poor prognosis and therapeutic resistance across can

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APA Li R, Zhao A, et al. (2026). From numerical amplification to functional metamorphosis: the MDSC-driven therapeutic resistance in tumor.. International journal of surgery (London, England), 112(2), 4861-4879. https://doi.org/10.1097/JS9.0000000000003940
MLA Li R, et al.. "From numerical amplification to functional metamorphosis: the MDSC-driven therapeutic resistance in tumor.." International journal of surgery (London, England), vol. 112, no. 2, 2026, pp. 4861-4879.
PMID 41222910

Abstract

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a population with immunosuppressive characteristics in the tumor microenvironment, which are linked to poor prognosis and therapeutic resistance across cancers. In this review, a novel concept of MDSCs and a quantity-quality pattern are proposed to illustrate the spatiotemporal dynamics of MDSC fate. By reviewing current researches through this framework, a group of pro-tumor signals is identified to have critical roles in the whole life cycle of MDSC evolution, including immature myeloid cell proliferation, differentiation education, suppressive functioning of MDSCs, and targeting strategy.

MeSH Terms

Humans; Neoplasms; Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells; Tumor Microenvironment; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation

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