Study on the characteristics and influencing factors of learned helplessness in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: A latent class analysis.
[OBJECTIVE] This study employed a latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify distinct subgroups of learned helplessness among Chinese breast cancer chemotherapy patients and examined influencing factor
- p-value P < 0.05
- p-value P < 0.001
APA
Li X, Jiao Y, et al. (2026). Study on the characteristics and influencing factors of learned helplessness in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: A latent class analysis.. Acta psychologica, 264, 106392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.106392
MLA
Li X, et al.. "Study on the characteristics and influencing factors of learned helplessness in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: A latent class analysis.." Acta psychologica, vol. 264, 2026, pp. 106392.
PMID
41679153
Abstract
[OBJECTIVE] This study employed a latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify distinct subgroups of learned helplessness among Chinese breast cancer chemotherapy patients and examined influencing factors.
[METHODS] Through convenience sampling, 260 breast cancer chemotherapy patients aged 18-74 years from a tertiary hospital in Henan Province were recruited between May 2024 and January 2025. Data were collected using a general demographic questionnaire, the Learned Helplessness Scale, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, the Social Support Rating Scale, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. An LPA was applied to classify learned helplessness patterns, followed by a multivariate logistic regression to determine the influencing factors.
[RESULTS] The latent profile analysis revealed three distinct profiles of learned helplessness among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: a "low helplessness-low hopelessness stable profile" (17.0%), a "moderate helplessness-moderate hopelessness fluctuating profile" (52.0%), and a "high helplessness-high hopelessness profile" (31.0%). The multivariable logistic regression revealed that age range 18-44 years, low monthly household income per capita, fatigue, and illness perception were significantly associated with the "high helplessness-high hopelessness profile" (P < 0.05). Conversely, the age range 45-59 years was significantly associated with the "moderate helplessness-moderate hopelessness fluctuating profile" (P < 0.001). Furthermore, experiencing ≤2 chemotherapy-related side effects, a higher level of perceived social support, and greater self-efficacy were significant predictors of membership in the "low helplessness-low hopelessness profile" (P < 0.05).
[CONCLUSION] Breast cancer chemotherapy patients were categorized into three distinct subgroups, which were influenced by age, income, fatigue, treatment side effects, illness perception, self-efficacy, and social support.
[METHODS] Through convenience sampling, 260 breast cancer chemotherapy patients aged 18-74 years from a tertiary hospital in Henan Province were recruited between May 2024 and January 2025. Data were collected using a general demographic questionnaire, the Learned Helplessness Scale, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, the Social Support Rating Scale, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. An LPA was applied to classify learned helplessness patterns, followed by a multivariate logistic regression to determine the influencing factors.
[RESULTS] The latent profile analysis revealed three distinct profiles of learned helplessness among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: a "low helplessness-low hopelessness stable profile" (17.0%), a "moderate helplessness-moderate hopelessness fluctuating profile" (52.0%), and a "high helplessness-high hopelessness profile" (31.0%). The multivariable logistic regression revealed that age range 18-44 years, low monthly household income per capita, fatigue, and illness perception were significantly associated with the "high helplessness-high hopelessness profile" (P < 0.05). Conversely, the age range 45-59 years was significantly associated with the "moderate helplessness-moderate hopelessness fluctuating profile" (P < 0.001). Furthermore, experiencing ≤2 chemotherapy-related side effects, a higher level of perceived social support, and greater self-efficacy were significant predictors of membership in the "low helplessness-low hopelessness profile" (P < 0.05).
[CONCLUSION] Breast cancer chemotherapy patients were categorized into three distinct subgroups, which were influenced by age, income, fatigue, treatment side effects, illness perception, self-efficacy, and social support.
MeSH Terms
Humans; Female; Middle Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Adult; Aged; Adolescent; Young Adult; China; Latent Class Analysis; Helplessness, Learned; Self Efficacy; Social Support; Surveys and Questionnaires; Antineoplastic Agents
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