Single-cell and machine learning-based analysis of the molecular mechanism of Banxia Xiexin Decoction in the treatment of gastric cancer.

[UNLABELLED] Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. Banxia Xiexin Decoction (BXXXD) has a significant therapeutic effect on digestive system diseases, but its mechanism of action on GC is not yet clear. Using single-cell and bioinformatics to discover prognostic markers and Tumor Microenvironment (TME) components for GC, and further explore the molecular mechanism of BXXXD in treating GC through network pharmacology. KIF2C, KIF20A, KIF11, CDK1, CDC20, FN1, etc. could be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers for GC. The tumor microenvironment of GC mainly includes T cell, Neutrophil, B cell, Macrophage, Epithelial cell, Plasma cell, Stromal cell, Fibroblast, common myeloid progenitor cell. The core active ingredients of BXXXD synergistically regulate the MAPK signaling pathway, oxidative stress response, and apoptosis pathway, and multi-target reverse the pathological process of GC. We have established the correlation between the pathogenesis of GC's "cold and heat disorder" and modern pathological indicators (inflammation, oxidative damage, and cell apoptosis disorder) from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome, providing a theoretical basis for the clinical application of BXXXD.

[SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION] The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10616-025-00888-3.