is a Potential Indicator of Clinical Diagnostics, Prognosis, and Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC).
[BACKGROUND] In recent years, immunotherapy has gained increasing prominence in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
APA
Yang L, Wang J, et al. (2026). is a Potential Indicator of Clinical Diagnostics, Prognosis, and Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC).. Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition), 31(2), 45764. https://doi.org/10.31083/FBL45764
MLA
Yang L, et al.. " is a Potential Indicator of Clinical Diagnostics, Prognosis, and Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC).." Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition), vol. 31, no. 2, 2026, pp. 45764.
PMID
41761974
Abstract
[BACKGROUND] In recent years, immunotherapy has gained increasing prominence in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, effective immune-related biomarkers for HCC remain limited. In this study, both transcriptomic data and clinical information on HCC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.
[METHODS] The TIMER and GEPIA databases were used to validate the association between WDR4 expression and immune infiltration. Additionally, clinical and pathological data from patients who underwent single-agent immunotherapy for HCC were collected from Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University). The relationship between WDR4 expression levels, clinical pathological data, and patient prognosis was assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis. Spearman's correlation analysis was utilized to confirm the relationship between WDR4, CD68, and PD-L1 in HCC tissue.
[RESULTS] was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues compared to para-carcinoma tissues ( < 0.001) and exhibited strong diagnostic potential. expression showed significant associations with various immune cells, including macrophages ( < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that patients with high expression had shorter postoperative progression-free survival in the context of immunotherapy. Data from 37 patients who underwent postoperative single-agent immunotherapy for HCC demonstrated a significant correlation between 4 expression levels and disease-free survival (DFS), with strong statistical significance (log-rank < 0.001).
[CONCLUSIONS] shows elevated expression in HCC tissues and is associated with immune infiltration, establishing it as a prognostic biomarker in HCC. Furthermore, the positive correlation observed between and CD68, as well as PD-L1 (), underscores its potential as a guiding factor in immunotherapeutic approaches for HCC.
[METHODS] The TIMER and GEPIA databases were used to validate the association between WDR4 expression and immune infiltration. Additionally, clinical and pathological data from patients who underwent single-agent immunotherapy for HCC were collected from Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University). The relationship between WDR4 expression levels, clinical pathological data, and patient prognosis was assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis. Spearman's correlation analysis was utilized to confirm the relationship between WDR4, CD68, and PD-L1 in HCC tissue.
[RESULTS] was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues compared to para-carcinoma tissues ( < 0.001) and exhibited strong diagnostic potential. expression showed significant associations with various immune cells, including macrophages ( < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that patients with high expression had shorter postoperative progression-free survival in the context of immunotherapy. Data from 37 patients who underwent postoperative single-agent immunotherapy for HCC demonstrated a significant correlation between 4 expression levels and disease-free survival (DFS), with strong statistical significance (log-rank < 0.001).
[CONCLUSIONS] shows elevated expression in HCC tissues and is associated with immune infiltration, establishing it as a prognostic biomarker in HCC. Furthermore, the positive correlation observed between and CD68, as well as PD-L1 (), underscores its potential as a guiding factor in immunotherapeutic approaches for HCC.
MeSH Terms
Humans; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Liver Neoplasms; Prognosis; Biomarkers, Tumor; Immunotherapy; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; B7-H1 Antigen; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; CD68 Molecule
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