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Incobotulinum Toxin-A in Professional Musicians with Focal Task-Specific Dystonia: A Double Blind, Placebo Controlled, Cross-Over Study.
[BACKGROUND] Musician's focal task-specific dystonia is a complex disorder of fine motor control, with incomplete understanding of its etiology. There have been relatively few trials of botulinum toxin in upper limb task-specific dystonia, …
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Consensus guidelines for botulinum toxin therapy: general algorithms and dosing tables for dystonia and spasticity.
Botulinum toxin (BT) therapy is a complex and highly individualised therapy defined by treatment algorithms and injection schemes describing its target muscles and their dosing. Various consensus guidelines have tried to standardise and to …
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Strategies for treatment of dystonia.
Treatment of dystonias is generally symptomatic. To produce sufficient therapy effects, therefore, frequently a multimodal and interdisciplinary therapeutic approach becomes necessary, combining botulinum toxin therapy, deep brain stimulati…