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Explainable deep learning-based lung cancer diagnosis using clinically-guided local interpretable model-agnostic explanations.
Lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, highlighting the urgent need for accurate and interpretable diagnostic tools. While deep learning (DL) models have achieved strong results in medical image cl…
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Primary CNS Neuroblastoma, FOXR2-Activated: Clinicopathological Study of Two Cases With Immunohistochemical Characterization and Literature Review.
Primary central nervous system (CNS) neuroblastoma, FOXR2-activated (CNS-NB-FOXR2), is a rare embryonal tumor characterized by neuroblastic differentiation and structural rearrangement of the FOXR2 gene. Previously grouped under CNS primiti…
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Recent advances in the management of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: From diagnosis, treatment to biology.
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are relatively rare and highly heterogeneous tumors. Early diagnosis is a critical step in improving patient prognosis, but there is still a lack of circulating biomarkers with both high specificity …
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Molecular taxonomy of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors reveals BEND2-fusions-driven transcriptional plasticity and therapeutic vulnerabilities.
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) exhibit substantial clinical and molecular heterogeneity. Using bulk and single-nucleus RNA sequencing, we identify five molecular subtypes: Hedgehog-high, Alpha-like, Hypoxia-high, Gastrin-high, and…
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Surgical complications following pancreaticoduodenectomy in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: A systematic review.
[BACKGROUND] The management of pancreatic tumors varies depending on the tissue origin, as the tissue type results in numerous differences in the tumor's behavior. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) arise from pancreatic islet cells, …
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Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: From Benchside to Surgical Treatment.
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) are rare, clinically heterogeneous neoplasms with rising incidence linked to improved diagnostics. This review examines pNET management, addressing epidemiology, classification, diagnosis, treatment,…
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Efficacy and safety of PRRT for the treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
[BACKGROUND] PRRT showed promising potential in the management of patients with pNETs. However, there is still a lack of evidence on its relative efficacy and safety compared with other treatment options. This review aims to synthesize the …
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A systematic review of the application of indocyanine green in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: Technical details, surgical indications, and outcomes.
[BACKGROUND] Intraoperative localization of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) is challenging, particularly for small lesions during minimally invasive surgery due to the lack of tactile feedback. Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence …
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Select updates in the pathology of kidney, testis, and penile cancer for 2026: Including FLCN-mutated (kidney) tumors, paratesticular mesothelial tumors, and TP53/HPV status in penile squamous cell carcinoma.
Herein, we have provided select updates targeted towards practicing pathologists pertaining to the pathology of kidney, testis, and penile cancer. This includes discussion of diagnostic criteria, evolution of nomenclature, emerging immunohi…
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Laparoscopic duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection in 459 patients for precancerous, cystic neoplasms, and neuroendocrine tumors. Perioperative outcome: systematic review and meta-analysis.
[BACKGROUND] With regard to laparoscopic approach, the objective arises whether standard multiorgan Whipple resection (PD) or parenchyma-sparing procedures (DPPHRt) are the most qualified surgical treatments for benign, premalignant neoplas…
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Primitive Neuroectodermal Kidney Tumor in Adults. A Systematic Review.
[INTRODUCTION] Renal primitive neuroectodermal tumour (rPNET) is a rare entity, typically affecting young adults. The diagnosis is usually confirmed through histopathology. A multidisciplinary approach to treatment is essential due to its p…
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Phase II Trial of Cabozantinib in Combination with Nivolumab for Advanced Extrapancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.
[PURPOSE] Cabozantinib, a multi-kinase inhibitor, improves progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with advanced extrapancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (epNET). Cabozantinib alters the tumor microenvironment to be more permissive to immu…
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Learning the anatomical topology consistency driven by Wasserstein distance for weakly supervised 3D pancreas registration in multi-phase CT images.
Accurate and automatic registration of the pancreas between contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) and non-contrast CT (NCCT) images is crucial for diagnosing and treating pancreatic cancer. However, existing deep learning-based methods remain limited…
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Insulin-Dependence and Survival in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Results From the US-NTSG Group.
[INTRODUCTION] PNETs are rare pancreatic malignancies originating from islet cells and exhibit a strong co-occurrence with Diabetes Mellitus (DM), associated with worse survival outcomes. However, studies have yet to delineate the impact of…
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Radiomics in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (PNETs): Current Evidence, Reproducibility Gaps, and Research Directions.
Radiomics is a growing field for diagnosis, prognostication, and therapeutic decision-making in numerous solid tumors. Despite current promising findings in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs), significant limitations persist, includin…
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Endothelial Cell Autophagy Suppresses Metastasis In Mouse Mammary and Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Models.
Autophagy, a key lysosomal degradation pathway regulating metabolic adaptation in cancer, plays fundamental roles in both the tumor and host stromal compartments during cancer progression. An important unanswered question is whether and how…
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Differentiating cytology of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors by EUS-FNA through hyperspectral imaging technology combined with artificial intelligence.
[BACKGROUND] Pancreatic cancer is a common and lethal malignancy, with the two primary subtypes being pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET). Accurate diagnosis and effective treatment are crucia…
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Multi-adapter SAM-inspired bronchoscopic image segmentation for lung cancer diagnosis.
[INTRODUCTION] Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Although bronchoscopy allows direct visualization and tissue sampling, detecting subtle lesions is still challenging owing to limited resolution, variable ima…
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Overcoming the Black Box Challenge: Building Trust in Artificial Intelligence Algorithms in Oncology.
Rising global cancer rates are projected to significantly increase by 2050, highlighting the urgent need for improved scalable prevention, early detection, and personalized therapy tools. Artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated signif…
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Genome-based classification of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma reveals similarities to KRAS wild-type PDAC.
[BACKGROUND] Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) is a rare primary neoplasm of acinar cell origin. Histologically, it can present as pure ACC or mixed with neuroendocrine or ductal differentiation. We studied whether ACC shared genomic s…
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