Urothelial Cancer: What Is the Role of Expression-based Subtypes to Guide Neoadjuvant Therapy in Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer?

Tumor subtypes originate from the heterogeneity of bladder cancer. The goal of subtyping is to reproducibly group tumors to generate a specific outcome (eg, response to therapy). It is crucial to detect subtypes that respond better to perioperative therapy, to identify patients for bladder preservation. Prospective, comprehensive biomarker trials are required to enhance the precision of perioperative therapy.