Nanoengineering-Based Strategies for Enhancing Dynamic Therapy.

Dynamic therapy has gained increasing attention in the biomedical field due to its high therapeutic efficiency, low cytotoxicity and broad applicability. Nanoengineering sensitizers can enhance the antitumor efficacy of dynamic therapy through multiple aspects. This review comprehensively summarizes nanoengineering for enhancement of dynamic therapy. First, we discusse nanoengineering strategies for boosting the performance of different type dynamic sensitizers based on their activation mechanism. We then discuss strategies to address the cross-cutting concerns across dynamic therapies. These strategies include enhancing tumor-specific accumulation of sensitizers, modulating tumor microenvironment and optimizing reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated tumoricidal effects. Subsequently, we also discuss the challenges faced by current design of dynamic sensitizers, including poorly understood mechanisms and challenges in large-scale manufacturing. Moreover, discussion is provided on emerging artificial intelligence-enabled strategies for next-generation sensitizers preparation. This review aims to provide an valuable reference for research scientists, thereby facilitating the development of novel dynamic sensitizers.