Biomarkers for Malignant and Nonmalignant Diseases of the Pancreas.

This article provides an overview of current and emerging biomarkers for malignant and nonmalignant pancreatic diseases. We highlight the clinical utility and limitations of existing biomarkers and discuss promising developments in molecular, genetic, and fluid-based diagnostics. Improved biomarkers may enhance early detection and risk stratification strategies for benign and malignant pancreatic disease.