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Abrupt involution induces inflammation, estrogenic signaling, and hyperplasia linking lack of breastfeeding with increased risk of breast cancer.
[BACKGROUND] A large collaborative analysis of data from 47 epidemiological studies concluded that longer duration of breastfeeding reduces the risk of developing breast cancer. Despite the strong epidemiological evidence, the molecular mec…
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Stromal PTEN determines mammary epithelial response to radiotherapy.
The importance of the tumor-associated stroma in cancer progression is clear. However, it remains uncertain whether early events in the stroma are capable of initiating breast tumorigenesis. Here, we show that in the mammary glands of non-t…
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Experience of an orthoplastic limb salvage team after the Haiti earthquake: analysis of caseload and early outcomes.
[BACKGROUND] After the devastating earthquake in Haiti on January 12, 2010, a British orthoplastic limb salvage team was mobilized. The team operated in a suburb of Port-au-Prince from January 20, 2010. This analysis gives an overview of th…
- Skills courses in plastic surgery: impact of enhancing confidence, skills and understanding amongst junior doctors.
- Augmentation or reduction of plastic surgery training in the United kingdom: should we embrace or oppose nurses operating independently?
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Klippel Trenauney syndrome and reduction mammoplasty.
Klippel Trenauney syndrome is a rare congenital abnormality that includes extremity hypertrophy. We report an unusual case of breast asymmetry due to unilateral chest and limb hypertrophy and describe successful unilateral breast reduction.…
- The microvascular simulator.
- Simulating split-skin graft harvest.