Treatment and survival outcomes for patients with follicular lymphoma and POD24: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Follicular lymphoma with progression of disease within 24 months (POD24) is associated with poor prognosis and represents clinical challenges. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and pooled analysis of patients with POD24. Twenty-one trials involving 1242 participants were included, assessing the overall response rate (ORR), complete response (CR), duration of response, and progression-free survival. In some trials, we compared pooled response rates between POD24 and non-POD24 populations with the same treatment regimen. Four trials evaluated chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in patients with POD24. Pooled analysis showed an ORR of 91.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 83.7-98.7) with significant heterogeneity (P = .0414; I2 = 68.61%) and a CR of 75.7% (95% CI, 55.1-96.4) with significant heterogeneity (P< .0001; I2 = 93.99%). The specific response rates for different bispecific antibodies in POD24 were pooled analysis, the ORR was 81.6% (95% CI, 75.9-87.3) with no heterogeneity (P = .6958; I2 = 0%), and the CR was 65.7% (95% CI, 57.1-74.3) with moderate heterogeneity (P = .2148; I2 = 34.99%). For anti-CD19 antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)/monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), the ORR and CR rate for loncastuximab plus rituximab and tafasitamab plus R2 (lenalidomide + rituximab) were 100% and 79.3%, and 87.5% and 43.2%, respectively. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors and anti-CD20 mAb-containing regimens were also analyzed in pooled analyses. Our results demonstrated that anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy achieved the highest CR rate. Additionally, bispecific antibodies, anti-CD19 ADCs/mAbs, and the combination of lenalidomide with obinutuzumab or rituximab also exhibited excellent efficacy. Notably, lenalidomide plus obinutuzumab showed superior efficacy compared with R2.