Neurochemical Changes Following Botulinum Toxin Type A in Chronic Migraine: An LC-MS/MS and HPLC Evaluation of Plasma and Urinary Biomarkers.

Journal of clinical medicine 2026 Vol.15(3)

Dumur S, Aygun D, Gorica E, Boyaci H, Dundar B, Konukoglu D, Uzun H

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Abstract

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is an established preventive therapy for chronic migraine (CM), yet the accompanying neurochemical changes remain incompletely characterized. To evaluate the effects of BoNT-A on plasma substance P (SP), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, glutamine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and on urinary 5-HT, and to explore relationships with clinical outcomes. In this prospective study, plasma neurotransmitters were analyzed in CM patients (n = 31) at baseline and one month after BoNT-A (155 U; PREEMPT protocol) and in healthy controls (n = 30). Plasma SP was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); plasma GABA, glutamate, and glutamine were quantified via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with isotopically labeled internal standards; plasma and urinary 5-HT were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Clinical outcomes included monthly headache frequency, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS). Statistical analyses applied appropriate parametric or non-parametric tests with < 0.05 considered significant. One month post-BoNT-A, headache frequency, MIDAS, and VAS were significantly reduced (all < 0.001). SP levels were significantly higher after BoNT-A than at baseline and versus controls. Plasma 5-HT increased post-BoNT-A, while urinary 5-HT decreased. Plasma GABA was elevated in patients versus controls without statistical significance. Glutamine was significantly higher before treatment, whereas the Glu/Gln ratio increased after BoNT-A. Correlations revealed that higher GABA was associated with lower VAS and attack frequency post-treatment. BoNT-A provided short-term clinical improvement with distinct neurochemical changes, including increased plasma SP and 5-HT, decreased urinary 5-HT, reduced glutamine, and a higher Glu/Gln ratio. These biomarkers, particularly Glu/Gln, may serve as indicators of cortical excitability and therapeutic response in CM.

추출된 의학 개체 (NER)

유형영어 표현한국어 / 풀이UMLS CUI출처등장
시술 botulinum toxin 보툴리눔독소 주사 dict 2
해부 Plasma scispacy 1
해부 urinary 5-HT scispacy 1
해부 plasma neurotransmitters scispacy 1
해부 Plasma SP scispacy 1
해부 plasma GABA scispacy 1
해부 urinary 5-HT were scispacy 1
해부 Plasma 5-HT scispacy 1
해부 cortical scispacy 1
약물 GABA C0016904
gamma-aminobutyric acid
scispacy 1
약물 glutamate C0017789
Glutamates
scispacy 1
약물 glutamine C0017797
glutamine
scispacy 1
약물 5-hydroxytryptamine C0036751
serotonin
scispacy 1
약물 5-HT C0036751
serotonin
scispacy 1
약물 BoNT-A. scispacy 1
약물 Glu/Gln scispacy 1
약물 Urinary scispacy 1
약물 BoNT-A → Botulinum toxin type A scispacy 1
약물 γ-aminobutyric acid scispacy 1
질환 Migraine C0149931
Migraine Disorders
scispacy 1
질환 headache C0018681
Headache
scispacy 1
기타 Botulinum Toxin Type A scispacy 1
기타 BoNT-A → Botulinum toxin type A scispacy 1
기타 glutamine scispacy 1
기타 patients scispacy 1
기타 post-BoNT-A scispacy 1
기타 Glu/Gln scispacy 1
기타 5-HT scispacy 1

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외부 PMID 30건 (DB 미수집)

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