Heterogeneity of serum metabolism in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms and acute myeloid leukemia: A Raman spectroscopy study.

In recent years, Raman spectroscopy analysis of hematological diseases is increasingly applied in research, but its application in serum analysis of myeloid neoplastic diseases represented by myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has not been fully tested. To establish an oversimplified non-invasive serum test approach for MPN, MDS/MPN and AML, we systematically examined peripheral blood serum samples from 8 patients diagnosed with MPN, 4 patients with MDS/MPN, 3 patients with AML, and 9 control participants. A laser Raman spectroscopy was utilized together with orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Next, a differentiation model for MPN, MDS/MPN, AML, and the control was constructed. Compared with the healthy participants, the serum spectral data of patients with myeloid tumors were specific, and the intensities of Raman peaks representing nucleic acids (786, 1579 cm), proteins (643, 759, 1031, 1260, 1603, 1616 cm), lipids (1437, 1443, 1446 cm), and β-carotene (957 cm) were significantly decreased, while the intensity of the Raman peak representing collagen (1345 cm) was significantly increased. Metabolic serum marker analysis revealed consistent patterns across MPN, MDS/MPN, and AML patients: adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels were significantly elevated, while both total protein and low-density lipoprotein concentrations showed marked reductions compared to controls. This provides spectroscopic evidence that will guide early differentiation of massive serum test data of patients with MPN, MDS/MPN and AML, and simultaneously uncovers crucial details for rapid and rudimentary differentiating them. This exploratory study show that the Raman spectroscopy analysis is an innovative non-invasive clinical instrument for the detection of MPN, MDS/MPN and AML.