Developing an interpretable machine learning model via SHAP to predict HCC postoperative survival based on tumor immune microenvironment CODEX immunomics and MRI.
1/5 보강
PICO 자동 추출 (휴리스틱, conf 2/4)
유사 논문P · Population 대상 환자/모집단
추출되지 않음
I · Intervention 중재 / 시술
the CODEX procedure and had preoperative magnetic resonance imaging
C · Comparison 대조 / 비교
추출되지 않음
O · Outcome 결과 / 결론
This robust model enhances survival prediction and supports clinical decision-making in HCC management. [SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION] The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40644-026-01006-y.
[OBJECTIVE] By generating an immune score reflecting the tumor immune microenvironment via Co-detection by Indexing (CODEX) Immunomics and integrating clinicoradiological features, we developed an int
APA
Zou W, Peng K, et al. (2026). Developing an interpretable machine learning model via SHAP to predict HCC postoperative survival based on tumor immune microenvironment CODEX immunomics and MRI.. Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40644-026-01006-y
MLA
Zou W, et al.. "Developing an interpretable machine learning model via SHAP to predict HCC postoperative survival based on tumor immune microenvironment CODEX immunomics and MRI.." Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society, vol. 26, no. 1, 2026.
PMID
41691300
Abstract
[OBJECTIVE] By generating an immune score reflecting the tumor immune microenvironment via Co-detection by Indexing (CODEX) Immunomics and integrating clinicoradiological features, we developed an interpretable machine learning model to predict postoperative survival in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP).
[METHODS] We retrospectively enrolled 94 HCC patients who underwent the CODEX procedure and had preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Patients were divided into a training set ( = 65) and a validation set ( = 29) in a 7:3 ratio. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses identified clinicoradiological independent risk factors for 5-year survival to construct the Clinical model. For immunomics analysis, 36 immune-related molecules were evaluated using CODEX. Key features were selected through univariate Cox regression and Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE). The best-performing classifier among five machine learning algorithms was used to build the Immune model. The immune score from the Immune model and variables from the Clinical model were combined using multivariate Cox regression to identify independent risk factors, forming the Clinical-Immune model. Models were compared for discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility. SHAP was used to interpret the model’s predictions.
[RESULT] Shape, arterial peritumoral enhancement, intratumoral necrosis constituted the Clinical model. Five immunomics features formed the Immune model using a survival decision algorithm. The Clinical-Immune model combined the immune score and arterial peritumoral enhancement. The concordance indexes (C-indexes) for the three models were 0.730, 0.832, and 0.852 in the training set, and 0.624, 0.815, and 0.870 in the validation set. Time-dependent area under the curve (timeAUC) values were 0.833, 0.907, and 0.969 in the training set, and 0.656, 0.919, and 1.000 in the validation set. The Clinical-Immune model, which demonstrated the best performance and offered superior predictive consistency and clinical utility, was selected as the final prediction model.
[CONCLUSION] We developed an interpretable machine learning model to predict postoperative survival in HCC patients using CODEX immunomics and clinicoradiological features. This robust model enhances survival prediction and supports clinical decision-making in HCC management.
[SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION] The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40644-026-01006-y.
[METHODS] We retrospectively enrolled 94 HCC patients who underwent the CODEX procedure and had preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Patients were divided into a training set ( = 65) and a validation set ( = 29) in a 7:3 ratio. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses identified clinicoradiological independent risk factors for 5-year survival to construct the Clinical model. For immunomics analysis, 36 immune-related molecules were evaluated using CODEX. Key features were selected through univariate Cox regression and Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE). The best-performing classifier among five machine learning algorithms was used to build the Immune model. The immune score from the Immune model and variables from the Clinical model were combined using multivariate Cox regression to identify independent risk factors, forming the Clinical-Immune model. Models were compared for discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility. SHAP was used to interpret the model’s predictions.
[RESULT] Shape, arterial peritumoral enhancement, intratumoral necrosis constituted the Clinical model. Five immunomics features formed the Immune model using a survival decision algorithm. The Clinical-Immune model combined the immune score and arterial peritumoral enhancement. The concordance indexes (C-indexes) for the three models were 0.730, 0.832, and 0.852 in the training set, and 0.624, 0.815, and 0.870 in the validation set. Time-dependent area under the curve (timeAUC) values were 0.833, 0.907, and 0.969 in the training set, and 0.656, 0.919, and 1.000 in the validation set. The Clinical-Immune model, which demonstrated the best performance and offered superior predictive consistency and clinical utility, was selected as the final prediction model.
[CONCLUSION] We developed an interpretable machine learning model to predict postoperative survival in HCC patients using CODEX immunomics and clinicoradiological features. This robust model enhances survival prediction and supports clinical decision-making in HCC management.
[SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION] The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40644-026-01006-y.
같은 제1저자의 인용 많은 논문 (5)
- Pressure Injury Assessment Tools for Oncology Patients: A Systematic Review.
- Radiomics with Machine Learning Improves the Prediction of Microscopic Peritumoral Small Cancer Foci and Early Recurrence in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
- Age-stratified deep learning model for thyroid tumor classification: a multicenter diagnostic study.
- Long-term clinical outcomes of hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy using the CyberKnife robotic radiosurgery system for jugular foramen schwannomas.
- Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived circFARP1 modulates non-small cell lung cancer invasion and metastasis through the circFARP1/miR-338-3p/SOX4 axis.