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Predictors of response to botulinum toxin treatment in patients with primary hemifacial spasm: A prospective cohort study.
[INTRODUCTION] Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a disabling movement disorder characterized by involuntary, unilateral facial muscle contractions. Botulinum toxin (BTX) is the standard non-surgical treatment, but response variability exists, and p…
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Colloid cysts: Neuropsychological outcome, quality of life and long-term control after endoscopic gross total resection.
[BACKGROUND] Endoscopy is increasingly being adopted for removing colloid cysts. However, the neuropsychological outcome and quality of life (QOL) have not been studied in detail. This study is to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic excisio…
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Digital Image Speckle Correlation to Optimize Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection: A Prospective, Randomized, Crossover Trial.
[BACKGROUND] Historically, physicians have relied on their subjective measures when determining the site and dosages for botulinum toxin type A injections. Digital image speckle correlation is a technology that tracks pore movement from res…
- Botulinum toxin: a novel therapy for clozapine-induced sialorrhoea.