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OnabotulinumtoxinA alters pro- and anti-inflammatory dural macrophage response to CSD in female mice.
AimCortical spreading depression (CSD), the neural correlate of migraine aura, has been shown to cause activation of dural nociceptive neurons as well as immune cells, among which macrophages (MPs) are the most abundant and reactive. Onabot…
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Exploring the effects of extracranial injections of botulinum toxin type A on prolonged intracranial meningeal nociceptors responses to cortical spreading depression in female rats.
[BACKGROUND] Botulinum neurotoxin type A, an FDA-approved prophylactic drug for chronic migraine, is thought to achieve its therapeutic effect through blocking activation of unmyelinated meningeal nociceptors and their downstream communicat…