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Effects of Botulinum Toxin Type A on the Nociceptive and Lemniscal Somatosensory Systems in Chronic Migraine: An Electrophysiological Study.
(1) Background: OnabotulinumtoxinA (BoNT-A) is a commonly used prophylactic treatment for chronic migraine (CM). Although randomized placebo studies have shown its clinical efficacy, the mechanisms by which it exerts its therapeutic effect …
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Botulinum toxin A modifies nociceptive withdrawal reflex in subacute stroke patients.
[OBJECTIVES] The aims of this study were to evaluate the pattern of the nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) of the upper limb at rest and after injection of Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) in poststroke subacute hemiparetic patients. [METH…
- Botulinum toxin A modifies nociceptive withdrawal reflex in subacute stroke patients.
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Pathophysiological targets for non-pharmacological treatment of migraine.
Background Migraine is the most prevalent neurological disorder worldwide and ranked sixth among all diseases in years lived with disability. Overall preventive anti-migraine therapies have an effect in one patient out of two at the most, m…