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Unilateral EMG-Guided Botulinum Toxin for Retrograde Cricopharyngeus Dysfunction: A Prospective Clinical and Neurophysiological Study.
Retrograde cricopharyngeus dysfunction (R-CPD) is a recently recognized condition characterized by the inability to burp, typically accompanied by gurgling noises, bloating, and flatulence. Percutaneous botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection…
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Electrokinesiographic Study of Oropharyngeal Swallowing in Neurogenic Dysphagia.
Electrokinesiographic study of swallowing (EKSS) can be useful for the assessment of patients with suspected or overt neurogenic dysphagia. EKSS consists of multichannel recording of the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the suprahyoid/su…
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Assessment and treatment of neurogenic dysphagia in stroke and Parkinson's disease.
[PURPOSE OF REVIEW] Neurogenic dysphagia worsens quality of life and prognosis of patients with different neurological disorders. Management of neurogenic dysphagia can be challenging. This review provides a comprehensive overview of curren…
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Electrical Stimulation of Injected Muscles to Boost Botulinum Toxin Effect on Spasticity: Rationale, Systematic Review and State of the Art.
Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) represents a first-line treatment for spasticity, a common disabling consequence of many neurological diseases. Electrical stimulation of motor nerve endings has been reported to boost the effect of BoNT-A. T…
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Chronic migraine and Botulinum Toxin Type A: Where do paths cross?
Migraine is a highly prevalent and disabling disorder accounted among the primary headaches. It is the expression of a complex, and not yet fully understood, pathophysiology involving the sensitization of peripheral and central nociceptive …
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OnabotulinumtoxinA Reduces Temporal Pain Processing at Spinal Level in Patients with Lower Limb Spasticity.
Spasticity is a muscle tone disorder associated with different neurological conditions. Spasticity could be associated with pain, high disability, poor functional recovery, and reduced quality of life. Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) i…
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Optimizing the long-term management of chronic migraine with onabotulinumtoxinA in real life.
Management of chronic migraine is challenging. OnabotulinumtoxinA (OBT-A) is the only medication licensed for prevention of chronic migraine, and has been widely adopted in clinical practice. Limited data is available on its long-term use. …
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Current Prophylactic Medications for Migraine and Their Potential Mechanisms of Action.
A relatively high number of different medications is currently used for migraine prevention in clinical practice. Although these compounds were initially developed for other indications and differ in their mechanisms of action, some general…
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Botulinum toxin for chronic migraine: Clinical trials and technical aspects.
OnabotulinumtoxinA has been approved for the prophylaxis of chronic migraine following the demonstration of efficacy in two large controlled trials. Data collected from pragmatic studies in the real-life setting have contributed important a…
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Botulinum toxin A modifies nociceptive withdrawal reflex in subacute stroke patients.
[OBJECTIVES] The aims of this study were to evaluate the pattern of the nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) of the upper limb at rest and after injection of Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) in poststroke subacute hemiparetic patients. [METH…
- Botulinum toxin A modifies nociceptive withdrawal reflex in subacute stroke patients.
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Botulinum Toxin Is Effective in the Management of Neurogenic Dysphagia. Clinical-Electrophysiological Findings and Tips on Safety in Different Neurological Disorders.
Neurogenic dysphagia linked to failed relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) can be treated by injecting botulinum toxin (BTX) into the cricopharyngeal (CP) muscle. We compared the effects of this treatment in different neurolog…
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Onabotulinumtoxin A for the management of chronic migraine in current clinical practice: results of a survey of sixty-three Italian headache centers.
[BACKGROUND] Chronic migraine is a complex clinical condition often undertreated. Onabotulinumtoxin A (OBT-A) was approved in Italy in 2013 for symptom relief in patients with chronic migraine who have failed, or do not tolerate, oral proph…