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Effects of focal low energy extracorporeal shock wave treatment on reduction of sialorrhea in Parkinson's disease.
[INTRODUCTION] Sialorrhea is a frequent and disabling non-motor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian syndromes, often exerting a serious impact on patients' health and quality of life (QoL). Botulinum toxin injectio…
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Increasing the Passive Range of Joint Motion in Stroke Patients Using Botulinum Toxin: The Role of Pain Relief.
By blocking the release of neurotransmitters, botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) is an effective treatment for muscle over-activity and pain in stroke patients. BoNT-A has also been reported to increase passive range of motion (p-ROM), the decrease…
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Data-driven clustering of combined Functional Motor Disorders based on the Italian registry.
[INTRODUCTION] Functional Motor Disorders (FMDs) represent nosological entities with no clear phenotypic characterization, especially in patients with multiple (combined FMDs) motor manifestations. A data-driven approach using cluster analy…
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Nabiximols and botulinum toxin injections for patients with multiple sclerosis: efficacy on spasticity and spasms in a single-centre experience.
[BACKGROUND] Spasticity is a common and disabling symptom in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS): as highlighted by many epidemiological studies, it is often a severe and not well treated. Despite the availability of evidence-based spas…