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Botulinum Toxin A for Elbow Flexor Spasticity: A Non-Randomized Observational Study of Muscle-Specific Injection Strategies.
Elbow flexor spasticity is a common and debilitating consequence of stroke, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injections have emerged as an effective treatment, but the optimal muscle selection st…
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Tailoring BoNT A treatment and assessment across recovery stages after stroke: a report of four clinical cases.
Achieving effective spasticity management in post-stroke patients remains a significant therapeutic challenge. It requires the anticipation and management of multiple potential complications through a complex, individualized therapeutic app…
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Botulinum Toxin in the Therapy of Chronic or Relapsing Plantar Fasciitis-A Descriptive Review.
Plantar fasciitis is a degenerative condition that may follow a chronic or recurrent course. Injectable agents are frequently employed to alleviate pain and restore function. Recently, botulinum toxin (BoNT) has gained particular attention …
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The Complex Role of Botulinum Toxin in Enhancing Goal Achievement for Post-Stroke Patients.
[INTRODUCTION] The rehabilitation medical team is responsible for the therapeutic management of post-stroke patients and, therefore, for the complex therapeutic approach of spasticity. Considering the generous arsenal at our disposal in ter…
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Botulinum Toxin in Chronic Lateral Epicondylitis, from Tendon to Muscle Approach-A Review.
[BACKGROUND] Chronic lateral epicondylitis challenges the therapeutical approach; underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood; neuropathic pain and central and peripheral sensitization may explain the fact that botulinum toxin has bee…
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Pain Modulation in Chronic Musculoskeletal Disorders: Botulinum Toxin, a Descriptive Analysis.
Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), a product of Clostridium botulinum, reversibly inhibits the presynaptic release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. In addition, BoNT blocks the transmission of other substances …