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Evaluation of transnasal videoendoscopic-guided botulinum toxin injection in patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia.
<b>Introduction:</b> Adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ASD) is a focal laryngeal dystonia characterized by involuntary vocal fold spasms, resulting in a strained and effortful voice. Botulinum toxin injection is the standard treatme…