Exploring the molecular function of LYPD3 from pan-cancer to lung cancer: based on bioinformatics and cellular experiments.

[UNLABELLED] As a major disease that seriously threatens human health, the prevention and control of malignant tumors has become an important challenge for global public health. In this study, we first investigated the expression level, prognostic value, and diagnostic value of LYPD3 in pan-cancer, and its effects on the immune microenvironment, genetic variation, and antitumor drug sensitivity. RT-PCR and western blot were used to detect the transfection efficiency. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Transwell assay for detection of cell invasion and migration. Western blot was used to detect the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Vimentin. LYPD3 showed high expression in lung cancer, both at the mRNA and protein level. Single-cell transcriptome and spatial transcriptomics reveal that LYPD3 is highly expressed in tumor cells and tumor-associated fibroblasts. ROC analysis revealed that LYPD3 exhibited significant diagnostic efficacy in pan-cancer, and Cox regression analysis revealed that LYPD3 expression was significantly associated with the risk of death in certain cancer types. LYPD3 has a good diagnostic value and prognostic predictive value in pan-cancer. GDSC and CTRP data analysis confirmed that LYPD3 expression was negatively correlated with the drug sensitivity of lapatinib, erlotinib, and afatinib. Focusing on the expression of LYPD3 in lung cancer, cellular experiments revealed that LYPD3 promotes lung cancer cell invasion and metastasis while inhibiting apoptosis. Meanwhile, LYPD3 has a good diagnostic value and prognostic prediction value.

[SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION] The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00335-026-10198-4.