[Placental transmogrification of the lung misdiagnosed as cavitary lung cancer: a case report].

We present a case of a rare pulmonary lesion in a 57-year-old male. A thoracic computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a cystic-solid nodule in the right lower lobe. The patient underwent right lower lobe wedge resection via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Postoperative pathological examination showed an extremely rare condition known as placental transmogrification of the lung (PTL). The patient had an excellent postoperative prognosis and was followed up for 1 year without surgical complications or recurrence. Given that PTL is frequently misdiagnosed as a malignant tumor, this article systematically discusses its clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, and pathological definition based on existing literature. The aim is to raise awareness of this disease among clinicians, radiologists, and pathologists, thereby avoiding unnecessary overtreatment.