A tissue and cell-level annotated H&E and PD-L1 histopathology image dataset in non-small cell lung cancer.

The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) histopathology contains morphological and molecular characteristics predictive of immunotherapy response. Computational quantification of TIME characteristics, such as cell detection and tissue segmentation, can support biomarker development. However, currently available digital pathology datasets of NSCLC for the development of cell detection or tissue segmentation algorithms are limited in scope, lack annotations of clinically prevalent metastatic sites, and forgo molecular information such as PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC). To fill this gap, we introduce the 'IGNITE data toolkit', a multi-stain, multi-centric, and multi-scanner dataset of annotated NSCLC digital pathology images. We publicly release 887 fully annotated regions of interest from 155 patients across three complementary tasks: (i) multi-class semantic segmentation of tissue compartments in H&E-stained slides, with 16 classes spanning primary and metastatic NSCLC, (ii) IHC nuclei detection, and (iii) PD-L1 positive tumor cell detection in PD-L1 IHC slides. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first public NSCLC dataset with manual annotations of H&E in metastatic sites and PD-L1 IHC.