Exosomal non-coding RNAs as emerging drivers of immune dysregulation in melanoma.

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that starts in melanocytes. It is estimated to increase by 2050 based on prediction studies. Exosomes have been identified as crucial intracellular mediators by carrying the donor-derived cargoes from stromal cells, immune cells, and even tumor cells, thereby affecting the function of recipient cells in a context-dependent manner. Although EVs can transport biologically active compounds like proteins, lipids, RNA, and DNA, their exact role remains unclear. The past few years have seen a surge in studies on tumor-associated cargo in exosomes, particularly concerning ncRNAs. The function of exosomal non-coding RNAs in melanoma's immunopathogenesis has been reviewed in detail in the current narrative review article. Exosomal ncRNAs have the potential to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets in melanoma.