Intraocular Tumor Biopsy.

[BACKGROUND] Intraocular biopsy is a diagnostic procedure used to obtain tissue samples to identify intraocular lesions, including tumors, infections, and inflammatory conditions. Inconclusive clinical and imaging findings necessitate intraocular biopsy.

[METHODS] This retrospective review reviewed the relevant literature, including relevant reviews, original articles, case reports, and case series published up to July 2024.

[RESULTS] Depending on the location and suspected nature of the lesion, intraocular biopsy is performed using various techniques, such as fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), vitreous biopsy, and chorioretinal biopsy. Despite its challenges, such as small sample size and potential complications like retinal detachment and hemorrhage, intraocular biopsy plays a vital role in guiding management decisions, including treatment planning. Recent advancements in molecular pathology and imaging-guided biopsy techniques have enhanced tissue yield and safety, making biopsy an invaluable diagnostic tool. In ocular oncology, prognostic biopsy for uveal melanoma has become the standard of care.

[CONCLUSION] Intraocular biopsy remains a crucial diagnostic tool for treatment decision-making and improving patient outcomes. Technological advancements continue to refine its efficacy and safety, reinforcing its role in modern ophthalmic practice.