Assessing the Role of Lifestyle in Modulating Serum IGF-1 and Association with Breast Cancer Risk among Palestinian Women in the Gaza Strip: A Case-Control Study.

[BACKGROUND] Breast cancer (BC) continues to be one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide, predominantly affecting women. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is vital for cellular growth and metabolism. Dysregulation of IGF-1 has been linked to an increased risk of cancer. We hypothesized that unhealthy lifestyle factors (e.g., poor diet, low physical activity) are associated with higher serum IGF-1 levels and an increased risk of BC. This research examines the relationship between lifestyle factors, IGF-1, and BC risk in Palestinian women in the Gaza Strip.

[METHODS] A case-control study was conducted with 112 newly diagnosed BC women and 222 healthy controls. Data were collected using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Food Frequency Questionnaire. IGF-1 levels were measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 28.

[RESULTS] BC patients had significantly lower physical activity than controls (58.9% vs. 44.6%, p = 0.014). Eight of the 14 food groups studied were linked to reduced BC risk, with reductions of 3.4% for fruit, 3.7% for meat, 5.6% for grains, 3.0% for low-fat dairy, 16.5% for nuts, 3.3% for snacks and sweets, and 5.5% for soups and sauces, while eggs increased risk by 12.5%. Drinks and beverages were positively correlated with IGF-1 levels (rp = 0.121, p = 0.027), suggesting that these factors may influence BC risk.

[CONCLUSION] Lifestyle factors, including diet and physical activity, influence IGF-1 levels and BC risk. Public health interventions promoting healthier lifestyles may help reduce BC risk.