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Unmasked: transposable elements as drivers and targets in cancer.

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Trends in genetics : TIG 2026 Vol.42(1) p. 30-45
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Grinwald MF, Saintilnord WN, Wang T

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Transposable elements (TEs) - long considered 'junk DNA' - challenge the binary of threat and therapeutic opportunity in cancer.

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APA Grinwald MF, Saintilnord WN, Wang T (2026). Unmasked: transposable elements as drivers and targets in cancer.. Trends in genetics : TIG, 42(1), 30-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2025.08.002
MLA Grinwald MF, et al.. "Unmasked: transposable elements as drivers and targets in cancer.." Trends in genetics : TIG, vol. 42, no. 1, 2026, pp. 30-45.
PMID 40935685 ↗

Abstract

Transposable elements (TEs) - long considered 'junk DNA' - challenge the binary of threat and therapeutic opportunity in cancer. Their reactivation is not a singular event but a convergence of evolutionary legacy, regulatory disruption, and technological insight. This review synthesizes a growing body of work that positions TEs as both catalysts and antagonists of the tumor state. Across regulatory control, viral mimicry, protein-coding potential, and antigen presentation, TEs blur the line between harm and utility. Each example reflects a broader theme: context defines consequence. By tracing historical shifts and technological advances, we argue for an integrated view: one where TEs are not just anomalies, but dynamic agents in the complexity of cancer.

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