Differential therapeutic implications of the OSM-OSMR signaling pathway in cancer and inflammatory diseases.

The OSM-OSMR signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in the progression of cancer and inflammatory diseases. As the specific receptor for OSM, OSMR activates the JAK/STAT axis in tumor cells to drive tumorigenesis. Additionally, the OSM-OSMR signaling pathway modulates immune and stromal cells, thereby remodeling the tumor microenvironment and driving tumor progression. OSMR is emerging as a key biomarker for tumor diagnosis, targeted therapy, and prognostic evaluation. In inflammatory diseases, the OSM-OSMR signaling activation exacerbates persistent inflammation in conditions such as myocardial infarction, inflammatory bowel disease, and pruritus. OSM inhibition has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in alleviating inflammatory symptoms. With the advent of OSM/OSMR-targeted therapies, including neutralizing antibodies and signaling inhibitors, OSMR is emerging as a promising therapeutic target for both refractory tumors and inflammatory diseases. This review underscores the clinical significance of the OSM-OSMR signaling pathway in both cancer and inflammatory diseases.