Types of biomimetic materials and their emerging clinical applications in the field for prostate cancer.

Among the myriad of challenges confronting modern medicine, few rival the complexity and persistence of cancer. This disease has long stood as a formidable obstacle to therapeutic innovation. Recently, the emergence of biomimetic materials has heralded a transformative shift in oncology, offering novel strategies for precise drug delivery and integration with advanced technologies such as 3D-printing. In this paper, we begin by categorizing biomimetic materials according to their origins and structural classifications, and subsequently detail their applications in the context of prostate cancer (PCa) treatment. Finally, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the benefits and limitations of these biopolymers, discuss the key barriers hindering their broader application, and propose future research directions to guide progress in this promising domain (Fig. 1).