Japan Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma 2025.

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas are characterized by two key features: endocrine disorders with excessive catecholamine secretion and a hereditary or metastatic nature, making early diagnosis and treatment crucial. This clinical practice guideline is a revision of the 2018 edition, which considers recent advances in clinical practice and changes to the health insurance coverage in Japan. Patients presenting with symptoms such as palpitations, headaches, hypertension, or abdominal tumors should undergo screening and confirmation with measurement of fractionated catecholamines and their metabolites in the blood and urine. When the tumor is located in the adrenal glands, it is diagnosed as a pheochromocytoma; when it is located outside the adrenal gland and confirmed by I-MIBG scintigraphy or F-FDG PET, it is diagnosed as a paraganglioma. Treatment begins with inhibiting catecholamine action using α-blockers, and if that is insufficient, metyrosine is used in combination, followed by laparoscopic tumor removal. Given the metastatic potential, long-term postoperative follow-up is essential. Even in cases of metastasis, tumor debulking should be considered. Treatment options are selected based on the amount of remaining tumor, symptom severity, and lesion progression, including CVD chemotherapy or radionuclide therapies such as I-MIBG or Lu-DOTATATE. Genetic testing guides the management of different variants, and significant progress has been made in molecularly targeted drug trials. Therefore, further advances in individualized and long-term management are required.