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Cancer-associated fibroblasts: Recent advances and therapeutic implications.

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Current opinion in cell biology 2026 Vol.98() p. 102601
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Paraskeva C, Stavropoulou A, Koliaraki V

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The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis, with cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) representing one of the most abundant and influential

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APA Paraskeva C, Stavropoulou A, Koliaraki V (2026). Cancer-associated fibroblasts: Recent advances and therapeutic implications.. Current opinion in cell biology, 98, 102601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2025.102601
MLA Paraskeva C, et al.. "Cancer-associated fibroblasts: Recent advances and therapeutic implications.." Current opinion in cell biology, vol. 98, 2026, pp. 102601.
PMID 41330025 ↗

Abstract

The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis, with cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) representing one of the most abundant and influential stromal cell populations. Recent advances in single cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics in combination with mechanistic studies have revealed the extent of CAF functional heterogeneity, identifying distinct subpopulations with specialized roles in tumor promotion, immune modulation, and therapy resistance. This review synthesizes current understanding of CAF biology, highlighting recent discoveries regarding their spatial organization, temporal dynamics, and immunoregulatory functions. We discuss emerging therapeutic strategies targeting CAF subpopulations, including approaches for CAF elimination and reprogramming. These advances provide new opportunities for developing more effective cancer treatments that account for stromal complexity and CAF-mediated resistance mechanisms.

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