(L.) Miq. as a Source of Anticancer Agents: A Review of Phytochemical Constituents and Preclinical Efficacy.

The emergence of drug-resistant cancers has led to the discovery of novel therapeutic agents. Medicinal plants are a promising source, with (L.) Miq. a parasitic plant used in ethnomedicine, showing promising anticancer potential. This study reviews preclinical evidence of the anticancer activity of , focusing on its phytochemical constituents and molecular mechanisms of action. A systematic search of Scopus and PubMed databases was conducted for preclinical studies published between 2015 and 2025. After screening, 13 articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in narrative synthesis. The 13 included studies demonstrated that extracts exhibit potent cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects against multiple cancer cell lines. The primary anticancer mechanism identified was the induction of apoptosis, which is frequently mediated by the upregulation of p53 and Bax proteins, downregulation of Bcl-2, and induction of cell cycle arrest at the G1/S or G2/M phase. Flavonoids, particularly quercetin, have been identified as the key bioactive phytoconstituents that contribute to these effects. In vivo studies further support these findings, showing that extract can inhibit tumor progression in colitis-associated cancer models by reducing inflammatory markers such as myeloperoxidase (MPO).