Advances in molecular mechanisms of anti-tumor bioactive constituents from Astragalus membranaceus: A comprehensive review.

[ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE] Tumor is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates, and are often poorly treated with a grim prognosis. Astragalus membranaceus (AM), a natural herb, plays significant roles in various biological processes. In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that the anti-tumor constituents of AM exhibit significant effects in preventing the development of various cancers, including colon, breast, lung, liver, and melanoma.

[AIM OF THE REVIEW] This paper provides theoretical support and serves as a reference for future research on the anti-tumor potential of AM by summarizing the mechanisms of its bioactive constituents.

[MATERIALS AND METHODS] Available literature on AM and anti-tumor by referring to the library and electronic searches in PubMed and Web of Science. Plant names are provided in accordance with "The Plant List" (www.theplantlist.org).

[RESULTS] AM contains a range of bioactive constituents, with polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids playing a significant role in anti-tumor activities. These mechanisms include inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells, promoting the apoptosis of tumor cells, regulating the body's immune function, inhibiting the migration and invasion of tumor cells, inhibiting angiogenesis in tumor cells, and enhancing the anti-tumor drug sensitivity.

[CONCLUSIONS] AM possesses a potential anti-tumor mechanism, but research is mostly based on cell experiments and animal models currently, with extensive clinical studies lacking. In-depth research is expected to improve the life cycle and quality of life of tumor patients.