Application progress of tRNA modification in gynecological tumors: A review.

The conventional role of tRNA as a pivotal molecule in protein synthesis is well-established. However, recent studies have unveiled a previously underappreciated function of tRNA chemical modifications in tumor biology, particularly in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Gynecological malignancies represent a significant threat to women's health. Despite advances in medical technology, gynecological malignancies remain difficult to manage, partly due to limited treatment options. Delayed diagnosis and high tumor heterogeneity further contribute to poor prognosis. This review focuses on tRNA modifications in gynecological cancers, including ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancers. It systematically elucidates the expression profiles and regulatory mechanisms of various tRNA modifications. Additionally, it explores their correlation with malignant characteristics-such as enhanced tumor cell proliferation, drug resistance, invasion, and metastasis. Furthermore, it explores the translational potential of these modifications as biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and prognostic indicators, and the potential links in the TME, metabolic reprogramming, and Immunotherapeutic Response, offering a novel perspective for the precise diagnosis and management of gynecological tumors.