Synthesis and Characterization of ULK1/2 Kinase Inhibitors That Inhibit Autophagy and Upregulate Expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex I for the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Autophagy inhibition represents a promising therapeutic approach for the management of various cancers including nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We previously reported , a dual inhibitor of unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) and its homologue ULK2 and described its effects on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Herein we report the design, synthesis, and characterization of and , two new dual ULK1/2 inhibitors that are cytotoxic against NSCLC cells, inhibit autophagic flux in A549 cells, and present greater oral exposure than at a lower dose. In addition, effectively modulates autophagy and increases the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I in NSCLC cells, which may support the rationale for ULK1/2 inhibition as a strategy to overcome resistance to immunotherapy. Together these data support the use of ULK inhibitors as part of a cancer treatment strategy, either as a single agent or in combination with current therapies.