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Effectiveness of Aquatic Therapy in Autism Spectrum Disorders.

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JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 📖 저널 OA 36.4% 2022: 0/2 OA 2023: 2/5 OA 2024: 7/9 OA 2025: 5/11 OA 2026: 2/7 OA 2022~2026 2026 Vol.76(3) p. 465-467
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Nisar F, Charolia M, Mansoor M, Shamim MS

📝 환자 설명용 한 줄

Pituitary adenomas are common sellar tumours in which transsphenoidal surgery is often the main treatment.

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APA Nisar F, Charolia M, et al. (2026). Effectiveness of Aquatic Therapy in Autism Spectrum Disorders.. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 76(3), 465-467. https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.26-22
MLA Nisar F, et al.. "Effectiveness of Aquatic Therapy in Autism Spectrum Disorders.." JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, vol. 76, no. 3, 2026, pp. 465-467.
PMID 42017736 ↗
DOI 10.47391/JPMA.26-22

Abstract

Pituitary adenomas are common sellar tumours in which transsphenoidal surgery is often the main treatment. Surgical resection largely depends on extrasellar extension, especially cavernous sinus involvement, making radiological classifications important for operative planning and patient counselling. This review summarizes evidence on the Hardy-Wilson and Knosp classifications (including revised Knosp) for predicting extent of resection. Hardy-Wilson grading describes sellar changes and suprasellar extension but has limited value for assessing parasellar invasion on modern MRI. The Knosp classification, based on the tumour's relationship to the internal carotid artery, more directly estimates cavernous sinus invasion and correlates with gross total resection rates. Studies consistently show reduced resection and remission with higher Knosp grades, while the revised Knosp subdivision (3A/3B) improves its predictive value. Overall, revised Knosp is more reliable for outcome prediction in contemporary endoscopic practice.

🏷️ 키워드 / MeSH 📖 같은 키워드 OA만

🏷️ 같은 키워드 · 무료전문 — 이 논문 MeSH/keyword 기반