The Role of Surgery for Local Consolidative Therapy in the Management of Oligometastatic Disease.

Oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes a distinct form of disease with limited metastatic burden, which may benefit in terms of disease control and overall survival from local consolidative therapy (LCT). Pulmonary resection has emerged as a valuable component of LCT, demonstrating improvements in progression-free and overall survival for appropriately selected patients. This review examines the evolving role of surgery in the management of oligometastatic NSCLC, emphasizing survival benefits, biological rationale, surgical complexities, disparities in care, and ongoing trials. Emerging research integrating biomarkers, novel pharmacotherapy, and advanced surgical techniques offers new opportunities to refine patient selection and improve outcomes. Addressing barriers and advancing multidisciplinary approaches will be critical to fully realize the benefits of surgery in this context.