[Research progress on poor response, resistance mechanisms, and influencing factors of immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma].

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors offer hope for patients with advanced- stage HCC, the objective response rate remains only 15% to 30%, mainly due to primary or secondary drug resistance. This article systematically reviews the potential mechanisms and influencing factors of poor immunotherapy responses in HCC, aiming to provide theoretical reference for an in-depth understanding of primary non-response, secondary drug resistance, or immunotherapy resistance and the development of personalized treatment strategies.