Advances in the biological functions of miR‑205 in various diseases (Review).

MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are critical post‑transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Aberrant miRNA expression has been closely linked to the initiation and progression of a wide range of malignant and non‑malignant disorders, prompting extensive investigation into their biological functions, regulatory mechanisms and clinical relevance. Among these molecules, miR‑205 has attracted considerable attention owing to its unique expression patterns and context‑dependent roles. Notably, miR‑205 participates in epigenetic regulation, functions as either a tumor suppressor or oncogene, contributes to therapeutic resistance and exerts important effects on non‑cancerous diseases. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of miR‑205 in both malignant and non‑malignant conditions, highlights its major target genes and associated signaling pathways, and discusses its potential utility in the development of precise diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic strategies.