Disparities in diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of early-onset breast cancer: A global perspective.

[BACKGROUND] Breast cancer in women under 40, known as early-onset breast cancer (EOBC), is becoming more common worldwide. Although it accounts for a small proportion of total breast cancer cases, EOBC tends to be more aggressive and often presents at a later stage. The outcomes for young women diagnosed with breast cancer vary dramatically depending on where they live.

[OBJECTIVE] This review explores the global disparities in the diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of EOBC, with a particular focus on differences between high-income countries (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

[RESULTS] In HICs, organised screening programs, widespread use of advanced imaging, timely diagnosis, and access to modern treatments contribute to high survival rates. In contrast, women in LMICs often face delayed diagnoses, limited diagnostic tools, and restricted access to surgery, radiotherapy, and targeted therapies. As a result, survival rates are significantly lower, and the quality of care for young breast cancer patients is often suboptimal. Factors like lack of awareness, inadequate pathology services, and the high cost of treatment further deepen these gaps.

[CONCLUSION] Bridging the divide in EOBC outcomes requires targeted investments in early detection, affordable treatment, and supportive care services in low-resource settings. Addressing these disparities is critical to improving survival and quality of life for young women worldwide.