The therapeutic landscape and underlying mechanisms of taurine in colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Taurine, a sulfur-containing amino acid derivative, has gained attention for its potential regulatory role in CRC. In addition, active metabolites, such as hydrogen sulfide produced by the interaction between taurine and intestinal microbiota, may influence CRC progression. This review systematically examines the role of the "taurine-gut microbiota" axis in the pathogenesis and treatment of CRC. We summarize the mechanisms by which taurine inhibits tumor proliferation, induces apoptosis, and enhances chemosensitivity. We also highlight its role in modulating the tumor immune microenvironment, maintaining intestinal barrier function, and preserving microbial homeostasis through microbiota-mediated metabolic regulation. Finally, we discuss translational strategies, including dietary interventions and taurine-based combination therapies, providing a new perspective for integrating taurine into CRC management.