An analysis of 277 consecutive latissimus dorsi breast reconstructions: a focus on capsular contracture.

[BACKGROUND] Breast reconstruction by means of a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap in combination with a prosthesis is a well-established technique. Previous published series have highlighted significant rates of local complications, including capsular contracture.

[METHODS] A retrospective analysis of latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap reconstructions performed between 2000 and 2010 was undertaken. A standardized preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative clinical protocol was applied to all cases, which included the use of textured, cohesive-gel silicone implants.

[RESULTS] Two hundred seventy-seven procedures were performed in 243 patients, with one-third being immediate reconstructions. The mean age at reconstruction was 50.4 years. Mean follow-up was 47 months, and 3.6 percent of patients developed Baker grade III capsular contracture requiring capsulotomy. Chemotherapy provided a protective effect (p = 0.0197) against capsular contracture formation. Previous radiotherapy had no significant influence on symptomatic capsule formation. The rate of infection requiring implant removal was 1.1 percent, and 0.7 percent of mastectomy scars showed evidence of recurrent disease.

[CONCLUSION] The use of textured, cohesive-gel silicone implants, combined with a standardized surgical approach, can reduce complications in the short- and long-term postoperative period, independent of radiotherapy.