Middle Fossa Approach for Resection of a Petrous Bone Hemangioma Compressing the Geniculate Ganglion.

Facial nerve hemangiomas are a rare entity of skull base lesions that arise within the temporal bone and affect the seventh cranial nerve. They are vascular malformations arising from the vascular plexuses surrounding the nerve. Although slow growing and overall benign in nature, they can cause significant facial nerve dysfunction even at small sizes. Facial nerve hemangiomas can arise within different segments of the facial nerve within the temporal bone, but most commonly arise near the geniculate ganglion. We describe the case of a 34-year-old female who presented with progressive right facial palsy (House-Brackmann 4) and a calcified lesion arising from the petrous temporal bone. Resection of the lesion was performed with a posterior to anterior middle fossa approach, with identification of the greater superficial petrosal nerve and geniculate ganglion, sectioning of the middle meningeal artery, and identification of V2 and V3 segments of the trigeminal nerve (Video 1). The bony mass was peeled off the petrous temporal bone and the geniculate ganglion without sacrifice of the facial nerve. Postoperative imaging showed gross total resection, and the patient's facial palsy improved to House-Brackmann 1. A comprehensive literature review on surgical approaches and outcomes for the resection of hemangiomas involving the geniculate ganglion or the facial nerve is also provided. The case presentation, surgical anatomy, operative nuances with technical considerations, and postoperative course with imaging are reviewed. The patient and family provided informed consent for the procedure and publication of patient images.