[Transanal endoscopic and robot-assisted microsurgery for rectal tumors].

[OBJECTIVE] To analyze the results of transanal endoscopic and robotic microsurgery for rectal neoplasms.

[MATERIAL AND METHODS] A retrospective cohort study enrolled 84 patients. We considered clinical and anamnestic data, anatomical characteristics of tumors, intraoperative and histological data. Postoperative complications, data on disease progression and recurrence were analyzed.

[RESULTS] Transanal endoscopic surgery was performed in 82 patients; da Vinci Xi robotic complex was used in 2 patients. In 2% of patients, intraoperative complication occurred (full-thickness rectal wall defect with penetration into abdominal cavity). Postoperative complications were observed in 10% of patients: Clavien-Dindo class I - 1%, class IIIB - 7%, class V - 1%. Progression of cancer was observed in 13% of patients with malignant neoplasms. Local recurrence was observed in 4% of patients with benign neoplasms.

[CONCLUSION] Transanal microsurgery, including robotic microsurgery, is effective for rectal tumors. Further research is required to clarify the indications for this treatment option. Patients need for long-term postoperative follow-up regarding complications and recurrence of disease.