Ocular complications of soft tissue filler injections: A review of literature.

[BACKGROUND] Soft tissue filler is commonly used for facial contouring. However, incorrect use can lead to severe ocular complications. Even though filler injections are quite different from fat grafts, they are considered similar procedures. However, to date, there are no proven preventive measures or treatments for blindness secondary to soft tissue filler injections.

[OBJECTIVES] This literature review aimed to investigate visual compromise secondary to soft tissue filler injection and discuss the related vascular anatomy, pathophysiology, and prevention of ocular complications of soft tissue filler injections.

[METHODS] A literature search until July 2018 was performed for reports on visual compromise after filler injections. We evaluated the previous literature and eliminated cases using fat grafts and unknown fillers.

[RESULTS] A total of 50 reports of filler-induced visual compromise were identified. Analysis of these cases showed that the procedure with greatest risk was nasal augmentation, followed by glabellar wrinkle treatment. Within the last 3 years searched, 35% of reported cases involved treatment of the nose. There were no reports of blindness from injections into the temple or chin and relatively few case reports involving forehead injections.

[CONCLUSION] The most common injection site associated with blindness in a previous report was the glabella; however, the most common site currently associated with blindness due to filler injections was the nose. Extreme caution is necessary when performing nasal augmentation or glabellar wrinkle correction using soft tissue fillers to avoid the branches of the internal carotid artery.