Horizontal animation deformity as unusual complication of neurotoxin modulation of the gummy smile.
Abstract
Injections of botulinum toxin type A represent the most common nonsurgical cosmetic treatment worldwide. The authors report a case of dynamic horizontal wrinkling in the upper lip that appeared after botulinum toxin type A injections to treat gummy smile associated with nasal alar base reduction, in a 28-year-old woman. The anatomic features and pathogenic mechanism underlying this unusual complication are analyzed and discussed.
추출된 의학 개체 (NER)
| 유형 | 영어 표현 | 한국어 / 풀이 | UMLS CUI | 출처 | 등장 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 시술 | botulinum toxin
|
보툴리눔독소 주사 | dict | 2 | |
| 해부 | alar
|
콧방울 | dict | 1 |
MeSH Terms
Adult; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Cosmetic Techniques; Facial Muscles; Female; Gingiva; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Lip; Neuromuscular Agents; Smiling
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