Evaluation of ultrasonic and conventional surgical techniques for genioplasty combined with two different osteosynthesis plates: a cadaveric study.

[OBJECTIVES] The aim of this study was to compare genioplasties performed using traditional saw or piezosurgery combined with different osteosynthesis plates.

[MATERIALS AND METHODS] Thirty-two genioplasties were first performed on fresh human cadavers using a saw or piezosurgery, followed by chin osteosynthesis with bending or pre-shaped plates. The time required for osteotomy and plate fixation was measured, and the suprahyoid pedicle was inspected.

[RESULTS] The mean time required was 204 s (SD 43) with the saw and 52 s (SD 67) with piezosurgery. Osteosynthesis fixation time was 100 s (SD 31) for pre-shaped plates and 124 s (SD 24) for individual plates. Statistical differences were found between both osteotomy techniques (p < 0.001) and osteosynthesis plates (p = 0.025). Injuries of the suprahyoid muscle pedicle were found in 10/16 saw cases and 3/16 piezosurgery cases (p = 0.012).

[CONCLUSIONS] Although piezosurgery is more time consuming compared with saw osteotomy, it is still adequate in time and allows a reduction of the suprahyoid pedicle injuries. Therefore, piezosurgery seems to be a viable alternative technique for genioplasty. From a clinical point of view, the time difference for osteosynthesis fixation has no significance.

[CLINICAL RELEVANCE] The time taken for ultrasonic surgery is suitable for clinical use and leads additional to less damage to the suprahyoid pedicle.