Expression of tumour necrosis factor alpha and its receptors in carcinoma of the breast.

The expression of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and its two distinct receptors, TNF-R p55 and TNF-R p75, was assessed by immunocytochemistry in 28 primary breast cancer and three reduction mammoplasty specimens ('normal' breast tissue). Expression of TNF-alpha or TNF-R p75 was not detectable in normal breast tissue or in non-malignant breast tissue adjacent to the tumours. By contrast, TNF-R p55 was expressed by occasional stromal cells in normal tissue. TNF-alpha was expressed focally in 50% of the tumours studied, being largely localised to macrophage-like cells in the stroma. TNF-R p55 was expressed by a population of stromal cells in all the tumours examined, and a varying proportion of neoplastic cells in 75% of these tissues. TNF-R p75 was detected in about 70% of the tumours, immunoreactivity being confined mainly to cells in the stroma. In this preliminary study there was no association between the above cytokine parameters and such measures of tumour biology as lymph node status, tumour grade, proliferative activity or degree of angiogenesis. However, there was a correlation between the expression of TNF-R p55 by blood vessels and the number of leucocytes present.