Clinical Application of a Patient-Specific, Three-Dimensional Printing Guide Based on Computer Simulation for Rhinoplasty.

[BACKGROUND] A practical application of three-dimensional printing technology has been considered a difficult area in rhinoplasty. However, the patient-specific three-dimensionally printed rhinoplasty guide based on the simulation program the authors developed could be a solution for minimizing the gap between simulation and actual surgical results. The aims of this study were to determine how a three-dimensional rhinoplasty guide based on three-dimensional simulation would link the patient to the surgeon to investigate its effectiveness.

[METHODS] Fifty patients who underwent rhinoplasty between January of 2017 and February of 2018 were included in this study. The patients were consulted about the desired shape of their nose based on preoperative three-dimensional photography. The confirmed three-dimensional simulation was sent to a manufacturing company for three-dimensionally printed rhinoplasty guides. In the guide group, rhinoplasty was performed based on the three-dimensionally printed rhinoplasty guide, and in the control group, procedures were performed based on the surgeon's intuition.

[RESULTS] The intraclass correlation coefficient test for comparing the simulated and postoperative measurements showed higher correlation in the three-dimensional printing guide group: higher correlation 11.3 percent in nasal tip projection, 21.6 percent in dorsum height, and 9.8 percent in nasolabial angle. The postoperative result of the nasal dorsum had a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.05).

[CONCLUSIONS] This study demonstrated the usefulness of the three-dimensionally-printed rhinoplasty guide, which delivers the preoperative simulated image in the actual clinical practice of rhinoplasty. This approach could cause a paradigm shift in simulation-based rhinoplasty.

[CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE] Therapeutic, III.